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(摘錄自衛褔部乳房手術說明書內容)
一、 接受乳房整形手術之病情說明: 病人因乳房發育不良、產後萎縮、下垂或因發育過大而需接受乳房整形手術。
二、 手術目的: 透過隆乳手術,將發育不良或萎縮的乳房增大,乳房整形手術之目的在於改善乳房美形,建議病患接受手術時應年滿18歲,此時乳房的發育大致完成,心理狀況也較能調適。透過縮乳或提乳手術,減少乳房組織或提升乳房至正常位置,並達到美觀的目的。
三、 執行方法:
(一) 若有下列情形,請於術前主動告知醫師:1.有血液凝血功能不良傾向。2.有疤痕增生體質。3.有藥物過敏。4.有吸菸、喝酒習慣。5.過去曾接受手術。6.正在使用阿斯匹靈、維他命E、可邁丁(Warfarin)等影響血液凝固的藥物。7.有糖尿病、高血壓、心臟病、血管硬化等慢性疾病。
(二) 隆乳手術:「義乳隆乳」的方式有許多種,依材質分為鹽水袋和果涷矽膠;依表面有光滑面和絨毛面的分別;依切口方式分為腋下、乳暈旁和乳下緣切口;依據置放的空間可分為胸大肌下與乳腺筋膜下。「自體脂肪隆乳」,抽出自身的脂肪純化後,再注射到胸部作隆乳,各種方式有其優缺點,術前應與醫師詳加討論,找出最適合自己的方式。
(三) 縮乳或提乳手術:「縮乳手術」是把乳房多餘的乳腺組織,脂肪及皮膚切除,乳暈及乳頭上移,以重建一個正常大小的乳房.疤痕以倒T字型、I字型或環乳暈的方式完成。「提乳手術」類似縮乳手術,差異在於切除的乳腺組織較少(或不切除乳腺組織)。無論縮乳或提乳,目的都是改善乳房至正常大小與美形,然而東方人疤痕較明顯,術後疤痕往往清晰可見。
四、 手術的預期效果:
(一) 隆乳手術:將發育不良或萎縮的乳房增大,以得到較佳的美觀;使雙側不對稱的乳房,藉由隆乳的方式,得到較佳的對稱性。
(二) 縮乳或提乳手術:緩解多餘乳房組織引起的背(頸)部及肩膀疼痛及內衣肩帶所引起的不適;緩解乳房皺折引起的皮膚刺激;改善拉扯的皮膚造成的大乳暈。
(三) 乳頭美容手術:乳頭美容手術包含乳頭縮小及乳頭凹陷矯正。乳頭凹陷為先天性的問題,手術可以改善乳頭清潔及美觀效果,然而哺餵母乳之可能性於術前的嚴重程度已決定,手術無法真正改善。乳頭縮小手術適用於乳頭過度肥厚的患者,術前應針對希望的乳頭大小、高度與醫師做溝通。